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1A student investigating plant growth changes both the amount of water and the amount of sunlight at the same time between trials. What problem does this create?
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Answer: It becomes impossible to determine which variable caused any change in growth
Changing more than one variable at a time confounds the results, making it impossible to attribute any effect to a single cause.
2A boundary where a cold air mass pushes under and displaces a warm air mass is called a:
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Answer: cold front
A cold front forms when denser cold air advances and wedges beneath a warmer air mass, often producing rapid, intense storms.
3A large body of air with fairly uniform temperature and humidity throughout is called a(n):
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Answer: air mass
An air mass is a large volume of air with relatively consistent temperature and humidity properties.
4A researcher wants to determine which of four insulating materials keeps water warmest over time. What should remain the same across all trials?
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Answer: The starting temperature of the water
To isolate the effect of the material being tested, all other factors, including the starting temperature, must be held constant across trials.
5Burning fossil fuels adds large amounts of which gas to the atmosphere, contributing to climate change?
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Answer: Carbon dioxide
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps heat and contributes to climate change.
6An object moves a distance of 250 meters in 10 seconds at a constant rate. What is its speed?
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Answer: 25 m/s
Speed = distance / time = 250 m / 10 s = 25 m/s. Wrong choices add, multiply, or subtract the values instead of dividing.
7Convert 5 kilograms to grams. (1 kilogram = 1000 gram)
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Answer: 5000 grams
Multiply by 1000: 5 x 1000 = 5000 grams.
8An object has a mass of 9 grams and a volume of 3 cubic centimeters. What is its density?
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Answer: 3 g/cm3
Density = mass / volume = 9 g / 3 cm3 = 3 g/cm3. Distractors come from adding, multiplying, or confusing the given values.
9An object moves a distance of 14 meters in 7 seconds at a constant rate. What is its speed?
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Answer: 2 m/s
Speed = distance / time = 14 m / 7 s = 2 m/s. Wrong choices add, multiply, or subtract the values instead of dividing.
10An object moves a distance of 80 meters in 8 seconds at a constant rate. What is its speed?
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Answer: 10 m/s
Speed = distance / time = 80 m / 8 s = 10 m/s. Wrong choices add, multiply, or subtract the values instead of dividing.