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1When light strikes a flat mirror, it bounces back at the same angle it arrived. What is this behavior of light called?
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Answer: Reflection
Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, with the angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection, as demonstrated by a flat mirror.
2An object made of a certain material has a mass of 84 grams and a volume of 12 cubic centimeters. A second object of the same material has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters. What is the mass of the second object?
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Answer: 35 grams
Density = 84/12 = 7 g/cm3, the same for both objects. Mass of the second = 7 x 5 = 35 g.
3Rust forming on an iron gate is best classified as a
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Answer: chemical change
Rusting produces a new substance (iron oxide) with different properties, which is the hallmark of a chemical change.
4A student builds a model earthquake-resistant tower and shakes it on a table to test stability, then redesigns the base and retests it. This process best illustrates:
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Answer: The engineering design process, specifically testing and iteration
Building, testing, and redesigning a model based on results is a hallmark of the iterative engineering design process.
5If a disease wipes out most of the rabbits in a food web, which organisms would most likely be directly affected first?
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Answer: Predators that rely on rabbits as a primary food source
Predators that depend on rabbits as a food source would be most directly and immediately affected by a sharp decline in rabbit numbers.
6Which is the best example of a population?
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Answer: All the deer living in one forest
A population is all members of one species in an area, such as all the deer in a forest. Many species together form a community.
7A mushroom is classified in which kingdom because it absorbs nutrients from its environment rather than making its own food?
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Answer: Fungi
Fungi, such as mushrooms, obtain nutrients by absorbing them from their surroundings rather than through photosynthesis or ingestion.
8An object made of a certain material has a mass of 90 grams and a volume of 15 cubic centimeters. A second object of the same material has a volume of 7 cubic centimeters. What is the mass of the second object?
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Answer: 42 grams
Density = 90/15 = 6 g/cm3, the same for both objects. Mass of the second = 6 x 7 = 42 g.
9An object moves a distance of 20 meters in 2 seconds at a constant rate. What is its speed?
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Answer: 10 m/s
Speed = distance / time = 20 m / 2 s = 10 m/s. Wrong choices add, multiply, or subtract the values instead of dividing.
10What is the original source of energy for nearly all ecosystems on Earth?
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Answer: The Sun
Producers capture energy from sunlight through photosynthesis, making the Sun the original energy source for most ecosystems.